How To Qualify For Service Dog Dc

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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they allowed and under what weather condition?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Heart
A program of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is dedicated to the retentivity of Pax, a devoted guide canis familiaris, and to all the handler and canis familiaris teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs brand it possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and nobility.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over 10 years. Together they negotiated countless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His expert guiding kept his handler from injury on more than one occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself equally would any highly-trained guide dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the offset domestic dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to U.k., a land that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was born in the kennels of The Seeing Eye in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for nearly a year where he learned basic obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the same experiences he would soon face every bit a guide dog. He then went through four months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the rubber of the person with whom he would be matched. In Nov 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax's retirement in January 2012, afterwards a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family, where he lived with 2 other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his expiry in January 2014.

It is the sincere hope of Pax's handler that this guide will be useful in improving the understanding about service animals, their purpose and role, their all-encompassing grooming, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the same access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may utilise service animals and emotional back up animals for a multifariousness of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal civil rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, as well as instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the last section of this publication. Many states also take laws that provide a different definition of service animal. You should check your land's law and follow the police force that offers the most protection for service animals.  The document discusses service animals in a number of different settings equally the rules and allowances related to access with service animals will vary according to the police force applied and the setting.

II. Service Fauna Defined by Championship II and Championship Three of the ADA

A service fauna means any dog that is individually trained to do piece of work or perform tasks for the do good of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed can include, amongst other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a sound, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an lift button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals under Title Two and Championship III of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are not considered service animals either. The work or tasks performed by a service animal must be directly related to the individual'due south disability. Information technology does non matter if a person has a note from a doctor that states that the person has a inability and needs to have the animal for emotional support. A doctor's letter does non plow an animate being into a service animal.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA's definition of "service animate being" because they have been specifically trained to perform a job for the person with a disability:

· Guide Dog or Seeing Eye® Dog^ane is a carefully trained dog that serves every bit a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Signal Dog is a dog that has been trained to warning a person who has a pregnant hearing loss or is deaf when a sound occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Postal service Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting self-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory signal dogs or social signal dog) is a dog trained to assist a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements mutual among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the motion (east.grand., hand flapping).

· Seizure Response Dog is a domestic dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person's needs. The dog may stand up guard over the person during a seizure or the canis familiaris may go for help. A few dogs take learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in advance to sit down down or motion to a prophylactic place.

Under Title II and III of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. However, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to permit individuals with disabilities to use miniature horses if they accept been individually trained to practise work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

Three. Other Back up or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Comfort Animals are often used as part of a medical treatment plan as therapy animals, they are not considered service animals under the ADA. These back up animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes aid with depression, anxiety, and certain phobias, merely do not have special grooming to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states have laws defining therapy animals, these animals are non limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are non covered by federal laws protecting the use of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, ordinarily in a clinical setting, to improve their physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

IV. Handler'south Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service brute. If a service animal behaves in an unacceptable way and the person with a disability does not control the animal, a business or other entity does not accept to permit the animal onto its bounds. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service animal. A business has the right to deny admission to a domestic dog that disrupts their business organisation. For instance, a service domestic dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron's enjoyment of a movie could be asked to leave the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service brute when the animal's behavior poses a straight threat to the health or safety of others. If a service animal is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the animal.

· The ADA requires the animal to be under the control of the handler.  This tin occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  However, in cases where either the handler is unable to hold a tether considering of a inability or its employ would interfere with the service animate being'due south safe, constructive performance of work or tasks, the service animal must be nether the handler's control by some other ways, such every bit voice command.²

· The animal must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not crave covered entities to provide for the intendance or supervision of a service beast, including cleaning upwardly subsequently the animal.

· The animal should be vaccinated in accordance with land and local laws.

· An entity may also assess the type, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or not the equus caballus will be allowed admission to the facility.

V. Handler'southward Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles II and Three of the ADA makes information technology clear that service animals are immune in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to back-trail the handler to any place in the edifice or facility where members of the public, plan participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Even if the business or public program has a "no pets" policy, it may non deny entry to a person with a service animal. Service animals are not pets. So, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, information technology does not allow a business concern to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service animate being enters a public facility or place of public accommodation, the person cannot be asked about the nature or extent of his disability. Only two questions may be asked:

i. Is the brute required because of a disability?

2. What work or job has the animal been trained to perform?

These questions should non be asked, still, if the animal'southward service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may non be asked if the canis familiaris is observed guiding an private who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing aid with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility disability.^iv

A public adaptation or facility is non immune to ask for documentation or proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed as a service animal. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs exercise not use to service animals.^v

A identify of public adaptation or public entity may not ask an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they do not require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation normally charges individuals for the damage they cause, an private with a disability may be charged for impairment caused by his or her service creature.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment bigotry because of a disability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Allowing an individual with a disability to take a service animal or an emotional support animal accompany them to piece of work may be considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Championship I), does non have a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the example of a service brute or an emotional support brute, if the inability is not obvious and/or the reason the animal is needed is non clear, an employer may request documentation to institute the beingness of a disability and how the animate being helps the individual perform his or her job.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the beast would assistance the employee in performing task tasks and how the fauna is trained to behave in the workplace.  A person seeking such an accommodation may suggest that the employer permit the animal to accompany them to work on a trial ground.

Both service and emotional back up animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a direct threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA) protects a person with a disability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this law, a landlord or homeowner's association must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities and so that they have an equal opportunity to savour and use a dwelling.⁸ Emotional support animals that do non qualify as service animals under the ADA may nevertheless authorize as reasonable accommodations under the FHA.^ix In cases when a person with a disability uses a service animal or an emotional support beast, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.^x This animate being is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner's association may non ask a housing applicant about the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. Notwithstanding, an private with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may be asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner's clan tin properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They can ask a person to certify, in writing, (1) that the tenant or a member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the need for the animal to assist the person with that specific disability; and (3) that the creature really assists the person with a disability.  It is important to keep in mind that the ADA may apply in the housing context as well, for case with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would non be permitted with regard to an animal that qualifies as a "service creature."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (K-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service animal to take the animate being at schoolhouse.  In add-on, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Idea) and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allow a educatee to utilise an animal that does not see the ADA definition of a service creature if that student'due south Individual Educational activity Plan (IEP) or Section 504 team decides the animal is necessary for the student to receive a costless and appropriate instruction.  Where the ADA applies, however, schools should be mindful that the utilize of a service creature is a correct that is not dependent upon the conclusion of an IEP or Section 504 team.¹⁴

Emotional back up animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to accompany students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does non contemplate the use of animals other than those meeting the definition of "service animate being."  Ultimately, the determination whether a educatee may utilize an animal other than a service animate being should be made on a case-by-case basis by the IEP or Section 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary education settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must let people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may take a policy asking students who utilize service animals to contact the school's Inability Services Coordinator to annals equally a student with a inability. Higher didactics institutions may not require any documentation about the training or certification of a service animal. They may, all the same, require proof that a service animal has any vaccinations required by country or local laws that apply to all animals.

e) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied admission to transportation, even if there is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service animal cannot be forced to sit in a particular spot; no additional fees can be charged because the person uses a service animal; and the customer does not accept to provide advance observe that s/he will be traveling with a service creature.

The laws apply to both public and individual transportation providers and include subways, fixed-route buses, Paratransit, rail, light-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.S. Section of Transportation (DOT) announced that it revised its Air Carrier Access Act regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the information provided beneath to align with the changes. While we take the fourth dimension to update our information, cheque out a summary of the changes available on DOT's website. You tin can also observe some additional information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection's article about service animals.

The Air Carrier Admission Act (ACAA) requires airlines to allow service animals and emotional back up animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the aircraft.

Service animals – For evidence that an beast is a service animal, air carriers may enquire to see identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or inquire for verbal assurances from the private with a disability using the animal. If airline personnel are uncertain that an brute is a service brute, they may ask one of the following:

i. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for you?

ii. What has your animal been trained to do for you?

3. Would you describe how the animal performs this chore for you? ¹⁵

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional support animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to institute that they take a disability and the reason the brute must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional back up or psychiatric animals should contact the airline alee of fourth dimension to discover out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may be requested by the airline: Current documentation (not more than i year old) on letterhead from a licensed mental health professional stating (1) the rider has a mental wellness-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV); (ii) having the creature accompany the passenger is necessary to the rider's mental health or handling; (3) the individual providing the assessment of the passenger is a licensed mental wellness professional and the passenger is nether his or her professional care; and (4) the engagement and blazon of the mental wellness professional'southward license and the state or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.¹⁶ This documentation may be required as a status of permitting the animal to back-trail the rider in the cabin.

Other animals – According to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to carry animals of any kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are free to adopt any policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for example, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for case, the Fauna Welfare Human activity).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must decide on a instance-by-instance basis according to factors such as the animate being's size and weight; state and strange country restrictions; whether or non the animal would pose a direct threat to the wellness or safety of others; or cause a fundamental amending in the cabin service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to find out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to transport unusual animals such equally snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Foreign carriers are not required to transport animals other than dogs.¹⁸

VI. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fearfulness of dogs are non valid reasons for denying admission or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, young man travelers, or customers are agape of service animals, a solution may be to allow enough infinite for that person to avoid getting close to the service animal.

Most allergies to animals are caused by directly contact with the beast. A separated space might be adequate to avoid allergic reactions.

If a person is at gamble of a meaning allergic reaction to an animal, it is the responsibility of the business or authorities entity to find a way to adjust both the individual using the service fauna and the individual with the allergy.

Seven. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) does non allow "service animals in grooming" in the cabin of the aircraft because "in training" status indicates that they do non however meet the legal definition of service beast. Even so, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in training vary. Some airlines allow qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may be obligated to let employees to bring their "service creature in training" into the workplace as a reasonable accommodation, especially if the animal is being trained to aid the employee with work-related tasks. The untrained animate being may be excluded, however, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship II and 3 of the ADA does not cover "service animals in preparation" but several states have laws when they should be allowed access.

Eight. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship Ii of the ADA covers state and local government facilities, activities, and programs. Title III of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human activity covers federal authorities facilities, activities, and programs. Information technology also covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Championship Two and Championship Three Complaints – These can exist filed through individual lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.S. Department of Justice.

U.Due south. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Ceremonious Rights Sectionalisation
Disability Rights Department – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal agency that oversees the programme or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers private employers with fifteen or more than employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Department 504 applies to any program or entity receiving federal fiscal assistance.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may be extended to 300 days if there is a state or local fair employment practices agency that likewise has jurisdiction over this affair. Complaints may be filed in person, past mail, or by phone by contacting the nearest EEOC role. This number is listed in most telephone directories under "U.S. Government." For more information:

http://www.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (voice)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must be filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA), equally amended in 1988, applies to housing. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the ground of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal authorities or receive federal financial assistance. Title Two of the ADA applies to housing provided by country or local regime entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Function of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (voice)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Instruction

Students with disabilities in public schools (K-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Education Deed (Thought), Title II of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Deed. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary instruction are covered by Championship II and Section 504.  Title Three of the ADA applies to private schools (Grand-12 and postal service-secondary) that are not operated by religious entities. Individual schools that receive federal funding are also covered by Section 504.

Idea Complaints - Parents can request a due process hearing and a review from the state educational bureau if applicable in that state. They also tin can entreatment the land agency'southward decision to state or federal court. You may contact the Office of Special Didactics and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your ain thoughts and ideas on how they may meliorate serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more than information contact:

Role of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Education

400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (vocalisation)

Title 2 of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Role for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education enforces Title 2 of the ADA and Section 504 every bit they apply to education. Those who have had admission denied due to a service animal may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal courtroom. An OCR complaint must be filed inside 180 calendar days of the date of the alleged discrimination, unless the time for filing is extended for good cause. Before filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an individual may desire to find out about the institution's grievance process and employ that process to have the complaint resolved. However, an individual is non required by law to use the institutional grievance procedure before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance procedure and then chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within 60 days after the final human activity of the institutional grievance process.

For more information contact:

U.South. Department of Education

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (voice)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

E-mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Championship 3 Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.Westward.

Civil Rights Partition

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

eastward) Transportation

Title II of the ADA applies to public transportation while Championship 3 of the ADA applies to transportation provided past individual entities. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title II and Department 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Assistants'southward Office of Civil Rights. For more data, contact:

Director, FTA Office of Civil Rights

East Building – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Aid Line: 888-446-4511 (Vocalism)
800-877-8339 (Federal Data Relay Service)
http://www.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Form)

Title Iii Complaints – These may exist filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, North.W.

Ceremonious Rights Sectionalisation

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://world wide web.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (5)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Note: A person does not have to file a complaint with the corresponding federal bureau before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Access Human action (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explain how each blazon of animate being should exist treated.

ACAA complaints may be submitted to the Department of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Partition. Air travelers who experience disability-related air travel service problems may telephone call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (voice) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint virtually a disability issue must submit their complaint in writing or via e-mail to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Division
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Section of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, S.East.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional data and questions about your rights under any of these laws, contact your regional ADA center at 800-949-4232 (voice/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed by the Southwest ADA Center under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Section of Education's National Establish on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Withal, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Instruction and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Authorities.

Southwest ADA Middle at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Enquiry Middle
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a program of ILRU (Independent Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Center is part of a national network of 10 regional ADA Centers that provide upwardly-to-date data, referrals, resources, and preparation on the Americans with Disabilities Human action (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call one-800-949-4232 v/tty to accomplish the center that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Middle would like to thank Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Petty, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Noesis Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Eye 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Project Director: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[1] http://www.seeingeye.org

[2] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(4); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[3] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(two); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[four] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(6).

[v] Run into 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak v. Aurelia, City of,  C xi-4111-MWB (N.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[6] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[7] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an accommodation..."For example, it would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to allow an individual who is blind to use a guide domestic dog at piece of work, even though the employer would not be required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 U.s.a.C. § 3604(f)(three)(B).

[9] Off-white Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.N.D. Mar. xxx, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of help animals regardless of training, including those that ameliorate a physical inability and those that better a mental disability."

[10] See Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Dark-green v. Housing Authority of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[11] Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Phase one Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] See "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 Oct 2008), pp. 63834-63838; United states of america. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Off-white Housing Deed: Joint Argument of the Department of Housing and Urban Evolution and Department of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[xiii] Private schools that are not operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Please refer to Section V(a).

[14] Sullivan v. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Concerning Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register 90 (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(e).

[17] xiv C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[xviii] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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